1. Preliminary assessment
Both partners are assessed: the woman's age, ovarian reserve (AMH and antral follicle count), uterus and tubes, hormone tests, infection screening and semen analysis. Hysteroscopy is done if needed. An individual protocol and dose are chosen.
2. Ovarian stimulation
Daily injections starting on day 2-3 of the period stimulate several follicles. They are given under the skin, usually by the woman herself at home. Progress is checked with 3-5 ultrasound scans and hormone tests, and doses are adjusted. Additional medicine prevents early ovulation.
3. Trigger injection
When follicles are large enough, a trigger injection completes egg maturation. Egg collection is scheduled about 34-36 hours later, so exact timing matters.
4. Egg collection
Under brief sedation, eggs are collected with a fine needle guided by vaginal ultrasound. It takes 15-20 minutes and you go home the same day. Mild pain and spotting may occur.
5. Fertilisation and embryo culture
A sperm sample is provided the same day. Eggs are fertilised by conventional IVF or ICSI. Embryos are cultured for 3-5 days, usually assessed at the blastocyst stage on day 5. Genetic testing (PGT) can be used in suitable cases.
6. Embryo transfer
The embryo is placed in the uterus with a thin catheter under ultrasound guidance. It usually causes little discomfort, needs no anaesthesia and takes a few minutes. Usually one embryo is transferred to reduce multiple pregnancy risk, and good-quality remaining embryos are frozen. Sometimes all embryos are frozen for a later cycle.
7. The wait and the pregnancy test
Progesterone supports the lining after transfer. Bed rest is not needed and normal daily life can continue. A blood beta-hCG test is done 9-12 days after transfer.
Support through treatment
IVF can be emotionally as well as physically demanding. Knowing what is done and why at each step reduces anxiety. Having the physician who planned treatment also follow the pregnancy and birth keeps care continuous.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does IVF take?
Are IVF injections painful?
Do I need bed rest after transfer?
Sources
- ESHRE Guideline: Ovarian Stimulation for IVF/ICSI, 2019.
- HFEA. IVF: What is IVF and how does it work?
The information on this website is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
