What is IVF?
IVF brings eggs and sperm together in the laboratory when conditions prevent natural conception. The embryos that form are monitored for a few days, and a suitable embryo is placed in the uterus.
There are two main methods. In conventional IVF, eggs are placed in a dish with prepared sperm and fertilisation happens on its own. In ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), a single sperm is injected into each mature egg under the microscope. ICSI is widely used, especially for male-factor infertility.
Who is IVF recommended for?
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Severe problems with sperm count, motility or shape
- Endometriosis
- Reduced ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age
- No pregnancy after insemination treatments
- Unexplained infertility
- Inherited conditions requiring embryo genetic testing
- Egg or embryo freezing before cancer treatment
Tests before treatment
Planning starts with a full assessment of the couple: AMH and antral follicle count for ovarian reserve, day 2-3 hormone levels, ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries and, if needed, an X-ray of the tubes (HSG). The male partner has a semen analysis, and both partners are screened for infections and, where needed, genetic conditions.
Stages of treatment
Ovarian stimulation
Hormone injections starting on day 2-3 of the cycle help several follicles develop. The protocol and dose are tailored to age, ovarian reserve and any previous response. Stimulation usually lasts 8-12 days with ultrasound and blood test monitoring.
Egg collection
When the follicles are ready, a trigger injection is given and eggs are collected about 34-36 hours later under sedation, with vaginal ultrasound guidance. You go home the same day.
Laboratory stage
Eggs are fertilised by IVF or ICSI and embryos are monitored for 3 to 5 days. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can be performed when indicated.
Embryo transfer
A suitable embryo is placed in the uterus with a thin catheter. The number of embryos transferred depends on age and embryo quality within current regulations, and good-quality embryos can be frozen for later use.
Support and pregnancy test
Progesterone supports the uterine lining after transfer. A blood pregnancy test (beta-hCG) is done about 9-12 days later.
What are the risks?
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): an excessive response to medication can cause bloating and fluid build-up. Careful protocol choice and close monitoring greatly reduce this risk.
- Multiple pregnancy: transferring more than one embryo increases the chance of twins, which is why single embryo transfer is increasingly preferred.
- Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: these occur at rates similar to natural pregnancy, so early pregnancy follow-up is important.
Factors affecting the outcome
The woman's age has the greatest effect, as egg number and quality decline over time. Ovarian reserve, sperm quality, the uterus, smoking and body weight also matter. Stopping smoking, moving towards a healthy weight and taking folic acid are recommended before treatment.
IVF procedures are performed at the licensed Anlaşmalı Tüp Bebek Merkezi. Assessment, planning and follow-up take place at the clinic.
Frequently Asked Questions
Up to what age can IVF be done?
What is the difference between IVF and ICSI?
How many attempts might I need?
Are IVF babies healthy?
Where are IVF procedures performed?
Sources
- ESHRE Guideline: Ovarian Stimulation for IVF/ICSI, 2019 (updated 2025).
- NICE Guideline CG156: Fertility problems: assessment and treatment, 2013 (updated 2017).
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Uygulamaları ve Üremeye Yardımcı Tedavi Merkezleri Hakkında Yönetmelik.
The information on this website is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
Related pages
Related articles
IVF Step by Step: From the First Visit to the Pregnancy Test
IVF consists of preliminary assessment, ovarian stimulation (about 10-12 days), egg collection, fertilisation and embryo culture in the laboratory, em...
Endometriosis and Infertility: Surgery or IVF?
Many women with endometriosis conceive naturally, but endometriosis is common among women with infertility. Treatment depends on age, ovarian reserve,...
After Embryo Transfer: What to Know During the Two-Week Wait
Bed rest is not needed after embryo transfer; daily life can continue. Prescribed progesterone should be used regularly and a blood pregnancy test don...