Infertility and IVF19 September 20262 min read

How to Work Out Ovulation and Your Most Fertile Days

In short: In women with regular cycles, ovulation usually happens about 14 days before the next period, around day 14 of a 28-day cycle. The fertile window is the day of ovulation and the five days before it. Ovulation tests, tracking cervical mucus and ultrasound can pinpoint it more precisely.

What is ovulation?

Each cycle one follicle matures and releases an egg about 24-36 hours after the LH surge. The egg can be fertilised for about 12-24 hours, but sperm can survive up to five days in the female reproductive tract, so intercourse in the days before ovulation can also lead to pregnancy.

Calculating it

Subtract 14 from your cycle length:

  • 28-day cycle: around day 14
  • 32-day cycle: around day 18
  • 26-day cycle: around day 12

Day one is the first day of your period. Our ovulation calculator shows your fertile days, but this is an estimate because cycles vary.

Signs of ovulation

  • Cervical mucus becomes clear, slippery and stretchy like egg white.
  • LH urine tests: the 1-2 days after a positive result are most fertile.
  • Basal body temperature rises 0.3-0.5 °C after ovulation, confirming it in retrospect.
  • Mild one-sided pelvic pain in some women.

How often to have sex

Every day or every other day in the fertile window is ideal. Focusing only on ovulation day can cause stress; regular intercourse every 2-3 days throughout the cycle also covers the fertile days.

When to see a doctor

Seek assessment after one year of trying under 35, or six months at 35 or over. Women with very irregular cycles (such as PCOS), those over 40 or with a known fertility problem should come earlier. Follicle tracking by ultrasound shows precisely whether and when ovulation occurs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know when I ovulate with irregular periods?
Calendar methods are unreliable with irregular cycles. LH tests, mucus tracking or ultrasound follicle tracking are more accurate.
When should we have sex after a positive ovulation test?
On the day of the positive test and the following 1-2 days.

Sources

  1. Practice Committee of the ASRM. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril, 2022.
  2. Wilcox AJ, et al. Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation. N Engl J Med, 1995.

The information on this website is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation.

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